The Parisian club has now won the prestigious trophy on fourteen separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful penalty shootout to overcome Marseille in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The European champions seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the showdown between the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring in the opening stages.
However, Marseille fired two times in the closing moments to seize a surprise advantage. First, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial equaliser in the dying seconds to send the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping decisive attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all scored successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a convincing penalty win.
The record champions PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the past 13 seasons.